collaboration
Say it: kuh-lab-uh-RAY-shun
📖 Seen in the wild
✏️ collaboration in a sentence
🔁 Synonyms & antonyms
cooperation · suggests a less intensive or creative joint effort than collaboration.
partnership · implies a more formal, often contractual, relationship.
teamwork · focuses on the coordinated effort of a group, often within a single organization.
alliance · typically refers to a formal agreement between larger entities like companies or nations.
Opposites: solo effort, individualism, competition, opposition, resistance
🌱 Where it comes from
The word comes from the Latin 'collaborare', which breaks down into 'com-' (with, together) and 'laborare' (to work). For centuries it simply meant 'to work together', but it gained its dark, secondary meaning of 'traitorous cooperation' during World War II, referring to citizens who aided occupying enemy forces.
🧩 How it's used
Common patterns:
While 'collaboration' is overwhelmingly positive, associated with creativity and progress, be aware of its specific negative meaning. In historical or political contexts, it refers to treason. The context almost always makes the meaning clear, but it's a distinction worth knowing. For a more general term about simply getting along or helping, 'cooperation' is often a better fit.
Word family: collaborate, collaborator, collaborative, collaboratively
💬 Quick answers
What does collaboration mean?
Collaboration is the act of working jointly with others on an activity or project, especially to create something new or achieve a shared goal.
What is the difference between collaboration and cooperation?
Collaboration implies a deeper, more active partnership in creating something, while cooperation can simply mean working together smoothly or helping each other with separate tasks.
Can collaboration have a negative meaning?
Yes, in a historical or political context, collaboration refers to the serious crime of cooperating with an enemy force occupying one's country.
Is 'collaboration' a formal word?
It is a neutral to formal word, appropriate for professional, academic, and general use. It is less common in very casual, informal conversation.
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